Home Page » Economics

 

The main goals of mastering the discipline "Economics" are: 

 

The discipline "Economics" refers to the disciplines of the basic part of the block C1 “Disciplines/Modules”. 

The main provisions of the discipline should be used in the future with mastering the following disciplines: philosophy, law, security life, for the practice of obtaining primary professional skills and abilities. 

 

Economics. Economic science and its structure. The subject of economics. Economic categories, laws, principles. Methods of economic theory. Levels economic analysis. Stages of economic research. The functions of economic theory. The main stages of the development of economic theory. Mercantilism. Physiocrats. Classical school of political economy. Marxism. Marginalism. Neoclassical theory. Keynesianism. Institutionalism. Monetarism. Economic theory and economics policy. The main economic goals and their contradictions. Needs: classification, formation and development. Good. Production. Resources, factors and costs of production. Labor. Land. Capital. Entrepreneurship. Limited resources. Economic choice. Production possibilities curve and its modification. Alternative cost. Law of increasing opportunity costs. Production results. Efficiency of production. Structure of production. Reproduction, its stages and types. Natural and commodity production. Product and its properties: use value, exchange value. The cost. Economic good, usefulness, value. The law of decreasing marginal utility. Money, their functions and types.  

Economic subjects (agents). Households. Firms. The state. Economic interests. Economic relations. Economic Institutions. Transaction costs. Property. Legal and economic aspects of property. Forms of ownership: private individual, private associated (group, collective), public, state, mixed. Economic systems: traditional, command, market, mixed. Models of economic systems. Market, conditions of its existence, essence, functions, structure. Infrastructure of the market. Fiasco of the market. The role of the state in the economy. 

 

The mechanism of the market and its elements. The principle of the "invisible hand" of A. Smith. Neoclassical theory (A. Marshall) about the mechanism of the market. The demand and factors of its determining. Consumer preferences and marginal utility. The law of demand. Demand curve. The effect of income and the effect of substitution. Individual and market demand. The sentence and its determinants. The law of supply. The supply curve. Individual and market offer. Elasticity. Interaction of demand and offers. Market equilibrium conditions. Equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity goods. Infringements of market balance. Competition: essence, types. Basic Types market structures. Perfect competition. Imperfect competition. Monopoly. Market power. Natural monopolies. Oligopoly. Antitrust regulation. 

Monopolistic competition. 

 

Entrepreneurship and business. The essence, goals, objectives and types of entrepreneurial activities. Organizational forms of modern entrepreneurship. Firm as the main link of the market economy, its goals and significance. Capital. Types of capital. Circuit and capital turnover. Basic and working capital. Profit, rate of return. Revenues and profits. Types of costs: external (explicit), internal (implicit), economic. Profit of the firm: accounting, normal, economic. Shortterm and long-term period of the firm. The product is generic (gross, cumulative), average, limiting. Constants, variables, general (gross, aggregate), average, marginal costs. The law of diminishing marginal productivity. Effect scale. The optimal size of the enterprise. The principle of profit maximization. A perfectly competitive firm and industry. The effectiveness of competitive markets. 

 

Resource markets. Demand for resources (factors of production). Limited product resources in monetary terms (marginal profitability of the resource). Limit costs for resource. Labor market. Demand and supply of labor. Employment. Wage. Nominal and real wages. Forms and systems of wages. Market of capital. Interest, interest rate. Investments. Discounting. The land market. Rent. Rent. The price of land. Household income. Household expenditure. General information balance and well-being. Externalities and public goods. 

 

National economy as a whole. Circuit of products and income in the economy. System of national accounts, its scheme and functions. Gross domestic product. Gross national product. Final product. Value added. Method of calculation indicators. Nominal and real GNP. Pure national product. National income. Personal and disposable income. Price indices. GDP per capita. Accumulation and consumption. National wealth. 

 

Cyclical economy. The economic cycle: essence, causes, phases and types. Modern features of the course of the economic cycle. Economic crisis: characteristics and types. Inflation: the essence, causes, types, indicators, mechanisms and socio-economic consequences. Unemployment: the essence, causes, forms, measurement. Natural rate of unemployment and full employment. Socio-economic consequences of unemployment. Okun's law. Phillips curve. Countercyclical regulation. Macroeconomic balance. Aggregate demand. Factors and the curve of aggregate demand. Interest rate effect. The effect of wealth. The effect of imported purchases. The aggregate supply and its determinants. Curve of the aggregate sentence: Keynesian, intermediate and classical segments. Model balance: "aggregate demand - aggregate supply". Consumption. Saving. Propensity to consume and save. Investments. Keynesian equilibrium model: "Income - expenses". Effects of the multiplier and accelerator. Equilibrium on commodity and money market. Economic growth, its factors, indicators and types. Regularities and contradictions of economic growth and development. 

 

Objective bases of state regulation of economy, its goals and objectives. Methods (administrative and economic) and tools state regulation of the economy. State economic policy and its main directions. The financial system, its functions and structure. Financial policy. Budget and tax policy. Fiscal policy. State budget: the essence, structure and kinds. State income and expenses. Deficit and surplus of the state budget. State debt. Taxes, their types and groups. Principles of taxation. The Laffer curve. The multiplier of the balanced budget. Money market and its mechanism. Equilibrium in the money market. Banks, their types and function. Banking system. Money multiplier. Money-credit policy: essence, goals, methods, tools, types and mechanism. Stabilization policy. Social policy, its directions, means, mechanisms and functions. Inequality in income and social justice. Indicators of income inequality. The Lorentz curve. State regulation of income. Social protection. Social Security. Social insurance. Level and quality of life. Borders of the state regulation, its effectiveness. Fiasco of the state. 

 

The world economy. International economic integration. The world economy: the structure and stages of its becoming. International economic relations. World trade. Specialization and comparative advantages. Foreign trade and trade policy. Trade balance. Protectionist barriers. The international movement of capital, its forms. International credit. Migration of labor. Currency system. Currency: national, stand-by, freely convertible, closed. The exchange rate and factors affecting its change. Payment balance. Globalization: the essence, prerequisites, factors, effects. Regulation of international economic relations. 

 

Date of creation: 26.11.2019 16:40
Date of update: 19.12.2019 13:45
Number of views: 673